There are so many different varieties of coffee, so below is a guide to the 15 key elements you will need to produce the perfect espresso. We will introduce 8 of them today. 咖啡的种类有很多，以下是你制作一杯完美意式浓缩咖啡的15个关键要素。今天我们将介绍其中的八个。 1.Freshness [freʃnəs] — 新鲜 Always start with freshly roasted coffee, 5-14days is best. Freshly ground and dosed within 1 minute of grinding. （制作一杯意式浓缩咖啡）请始终从新鲜烘焙的咖啡开始，烘焙后5至10天的咖啡最佳。称量新鲜烘焙的咖啡豆并在一分钟内完成研磨。 2.Grind size [ɡraɪnd] [saɪz] — 研磨程度 A fine grind size makes the best espresso. Just coarser than flour is ideal. 适宜的研磨程度才能制作出完美的意式浓缩咖啡。稍粗于面粉的程度是最理想的。 3.Dosing ['doʊsɪŋ] — 定量 You need to use the correct amount of coffee in the basket. Normally 2-4g. more than the basket size, so if you use an 18 gram basket try 20-22g. 你需要在粉碗里加入特定重量的咖啡粉。通常要比粉碗标注的重量多2至4克。如果你使用的是18克的粉碗，那么可以填入20至22克咖啡粉。 4.Tamping [ˈtæmpɪŋ] — 压粉 Your tamping needs to be flat with even pressure using a small amount of body weight, then polish lightly. Make sure you use a tamp that fits the filter basket tightly. 压粉时需要粉面压平，稍稍利用身体的重量，然后（转动粉锤）略微磨平表面。确保使用适用于粉碗的粉锤。 5. Volume of coffee [ˈvɒlju:m] — 咖啡的量 We used to say 25-35ml now we talk in grams due to fresh coffee producing more crema and less liquid. The best espresso is in between 18-35g. 通常我们习惯说25至35毫升，但现在我们用克来表示，因为新鲜烘焙的咖啡会产生更多的咖啡油脂、更少的咖啡。最佳的一杯意式浓缩咖啡在18到35克。 6.Extraction time [ɪkˈstrækʃn] — 萃取时间 24-35 seconds. 24到35秒。 7.Amount of ground coffee — 咖啡粉的量 The best espresso is made using a double shot. That’s 2 espresso made from the same basket pouring at the same time and using between 18-28g of ground coffee in the basket. 最佳的意式浓缩咖啡通常采用双份制作方式。两杯意式浓缩咖啡用18至28克填充的粉碗，被同时萃取出来。 8.Filter baskets ['fɪltə(r)] [ˈbɑ:skɪts] — 过滤粉碗 Filter baskets that are laser cut, like VST, have close to no variations and will produce a consistency. You will not get using standard baskets.